Master in International Relations

PART I: SUBJECTS

1. INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

   This subject aims to provide a general overview of international relations and its synergies with foreign policy through its concepts, theories, actors, and processes.

   CONCEPTUAL FOUNDATION

   Elements for the study of International Relations. The concept of the international system, the center of international relations. The relationship between the international system and domestic society. International relations as a framework for foreign policy action. The foreign policy of the states. Difference between foreign policy and international policy.

   HISTORICAL EVOLUTION OF THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM

   City-state system. Westphalian system (1648-1815). Balance of power system (1815-1914). Institutional or collective security system (1919-1939). Bipolar system and the Cold War (1945-1989). Contemporary system (1989-?).

   THEORETICAL APPROACHES TO INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

   Idealism versus realism in international relations. Systemic approaches and their detractors. Theories on conflict. Main interpretative visions. Reformulation of the main intellectual traditions. Environmental considerations of construction materials.

   FOREIGN POLICY MAKING AND DESIGN PROCESS

   Foreign policy. Determinants of foreign policy: conditioning factors. Actors involved in the design of foreign policy. The stages of foreign policy: elaboration, execution, and control.

   LATIN AMERICAN FOREIGN POLICIES

   Evolution of international relations and foreign policy in Latin America. A framework for the analysis of foreign policy in Latin America. Perspectives on external sources of foreign policy. Actors and decision-making. Latin American foreign policies: some general trends in recent decades.

2. GLOBALIZATION TRENDS IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

   This subject offers a comprehensive analysis of the multiple dimensions of globalization and its impact on international relations, ranging from its conceptualization to contemporary challenges.

   GLOBALIZATION AS A MULTIDIMENSIONAL PROCESS

   It explores the fundamental definitions and concepts of globalization, as well as its impact on interstate relations, the transnationalization of relations, and global online interconnection.

   THE BIRTH OF CAPITALISM AND THE NATION-STATE: THE ERA OF EUROPEAN EMPIRES AND THE TRANSITION TO A GLOBALIZED WORLD

   It addresses the rise of capitalism and the nation-state, the era of European empires, the balance of power and the transition to a globalized world, including economic globalization, and the rise of the United States as a great power.

   INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL ECONOMY: ECONOMIC GLOBALIZATION AND THE EMERGENCE OF NEW POWER CENTERS

   It studies international political economy from the perspective of the realist school of international relations, the global multilateral system, the new system of global economic governance and its crises, as well as trends in economic regionalization, focusing on the European Union and the BRICS.

   THE CHALLENGES OF THE STATE AND INTERNATIONAL ACTORS FACING THE GLOBALIZATION PROCESS IN THE 21ST CENTURY

   It analyzes the main challenges facing states and international actors in the face of globalization in the 21st century, including environmental issues, human mobility and migration, and new trends in global security.

   PANDEMICS AND OTHER HEALTHCARE CRISES

   It examines the impact of pandemics on globalization, global responses to healthcare crises, cooperation and challenges, the role of the World Health Organization (WHO) and global healthcare governance mechanisms, and the impact of pandemics on international relations.

3. HISTORY, GEOPOLITICS, AND GLOBALIZATION

   This subject provides an in-depth understanding of the historical processes, geopolitical dynamics, and the phenomenon of globalization that have shaped today's world. Key topics such as major historical processes, state-building, the impact of globalization, and the influence of language and culture on contemporary geopolitics will be explored.

   HISTORY AND ITS MAJOR PROCESSES

   This chapter introduces the study of historical phenomena, emphasizing the great civilizing processes, including the experience of empires and the processes of decolonization, as well as the historiographic interpretation of these crucial moments.

   GEOPOLITICS AND GEOSTRATEGY

   It explores the fundamental concepts of geopolitics, the crucial role of the state in the formation of modern state identities, and the transition from a bipolar to a multilateral order in the global context.

   GLOBALIZATION

   This chapter presents the key definitions of globalization, discusses the concept of "Global Village", and addresses anti-globalization reactions, as well as the cultural, social, and political phenomenon of Iberophony and its impact on the global system.

   LANGUAGE AND CULTURE IN THE CONFIGURATION OF TODAY'S WORLD

   It analyzes global politics and the relationship between language and culture, the global distribution of languages and their influence, and the impact of Iberophony in economic, scientific, artistic, and academic terms at the global level.

4. WORLD ORDER AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

   The subject World Order and International Relations is organized into eight chapters. Its objective is to introduce the student to the analysis of a series of issues that, from the last decades of the 20th century to date, have had an intense presence, both mundane and academic, in the field of interstate relations. It will examine how in pre-industrial states international relations were limited to small layers of population, in contrast to today's extensive and intense global interconnectedness.

   HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AFTER WORLD WAR II

   It explores how international relations have developed from the end of World War II to the present day.

   HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE THEORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

   It analyzes the evolution of theories explaining the relationships between states and international actors over time.

   PRINCIPLES FOR A MATERIALIST CONCEPTION OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

   It studies the basic principles of a materialist perspective in the analysis of international relations.

   THE IDEA OF HUMANITY IN THE HISTORICAL PRESENT

   It explores the conception of humanity in the context of current international relations.

5. THE AGE OF DISCOVERY AND EARLY GLOBALIZATION

   This course explores the great voyages of exploration and expansion that led to the discovery of new lands and the first globalization of the world. It analyzes the opening of the Atlantic, the Spanish and Iberian expansion in America, and the presence of Spain and Portugal in the Pacific and Asia, highlighting the economic, political, and social implications of these historical events.

   THE OPENING TO THE ATLANTIC AND THE HISPANIC DISCOVERY OF THE NEW AMERICAN WORLD

   This chapter covers the beginning of the Atlantic exploration by Castile and Portugal, the historical context of the Alexandrian Bulls, the Iberian Universal Sovereignty, and the voyages of Columbus and the Portuguese circumnavigation of Africa, as well as their global consequences.

   SPANISH EXPANSION IN MESOAMERICA AND NORTH AMERICA

   It details the Hispanic expansionary model in America, from the Columbus voyages to the expeditions in Mesoamerica and North America, including the search for an inter-oceanic passage through the north, center, and south of the American continent.

   IBERIAN EXPANSION IN THE CARIBBEAN AND SOUTH AMERICA

   This chapter covers Andalusian and European voyages of exploration in the Caribbean, Spanish continental exploration from Tierra Firme to Chile, and the attempts and failures in the search for an interoceanic passage in the south, highlighting expeditions such as those of Sarmiento de Gamboa and the Nodales brothers.

   SPAIN IN THE PACIFIC OCEAN AND THE PHILIPPINES. PORTUGAL IN ASIA

   The Spanish presence in the Pacific and the Philippines is studied, as well as the Portuguese influence in Asia and Brazil. It includes the Hispanic planetary circumnavigation, the first round-the-world voyage, and the Spanish expeditions in the Pacific during the Age of Enlightenment, highlighting the achievements of figures such as Pigafetta.

6. MULTINATIONAL COMMUNITIES

   This subject examines the formation, development, and functioning of multinational communities, ranging from ancient civilizations and empires to international organizations and communities based on history, culture, and language. Through a multidisciplinary approach, the concepts of society, civilization, and culture are analyzed, as well as the political and social structures that have shaped today's world.

   CIVILIZATIONS

   This chapter introduces the concepts of society, civilization, and culture, explaining the difference between successful and precarious civilizations. The theories of Spengler, Toynbee, and Huntington are discussed, as well as moral morphologies and the role of languages in civilizational experience.

   EMPIRES

   The concept of empire is analyzed from a historical and philosophical perspective, using the views of Sepúlveda, Lenin, Guirado, and Hobsbawm. The construction of predatory and generative empires according to Gustavo Bueno is examined, highlighting their impact on governance and territorial expansion.

   INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

   This chapter presents the functionality and expansion of the International System, including regional integration processes, free trade agreements, military organizations, and the UN. The importance of these organizations in the institutionalization of the world order is discussed.

   HISTORICAL, CULTURAL, AND LINGUISTIC BASE COMMUNITIES

   The concepts of historical, cultural, and linguistic basis and their impact on the configuration of communities are explained. The relevance of the international organizations mentioned in the previous chapter is analyzed, and the importance of Iberophony organizations in the creation of identity and belonging to the international community is highlighted.

7. ECONOMIC HISTORY

   This course explores the evolution of the world economy through different historical periods, analyzing the factors that have driven economic growth, structural changes, and significant events that have shaped global economies from ancient times to the present.

   ECONOMIC HISTORY AS A SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINE

   Introduction to the study of economic history as an academic discipline that analyzes economic development over time, its methods, and theoretical approaches.

   ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN THE ANCIENT WORLD.

   Exploration of economic growth in ancient civilizations such as Mesopotamia, Egypt, China, and Greece, examining the economic foundations and commercial innovations of these periods.

   EUROPEAN ECONOMIC GROWTH IN THE MEDIEVAL PERIOD (CA. 450-1450)

   Analysis of the feudal system, the transition to capitalism, and the rise of markets and cities during the European Middle Ages, highlighting the impact of agriculture, trade, and feudal institutions on the economy.

   ECONOMIC GROWTH IN MODERN EUROPE (CA. 1450-1700)

   Study of the Renaissance, mercantilism, and the development of early forms of capitalism in Europe, including the impact of the discovery of America and colonial trade.

   THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION(S) AND THE ECONOMIC TRIUMPH OF EUROPE (CA. 1700-1914)

   Analysis of the Industrial Revolutions in Europe, their causes, economic and social consequences, as well as the rise of Europe as a global economic power in the 18th and 19th centuries.

   THE ECONOMY DURING THE "SHORT TWENTIETH CENTURY" (1914-1991)

   Exploration of global economic changes during the 20th century, including world wars, the Great Depression, the Cold War, and post-World War II economic transformations.

   FROM THE DEMISE OF THE USSR TO THE BANKRUPTCY OF LEHMAN BROTHERS: THE ECONOMY BETWEEN THE TWENTIETH AND TWENTY-FIRST CENTURIES (1991-2008), THE GREAT RECESSION (2008-2018)

   Analysis of key economic events from the dissolution of the Soviet Union to the 2008 global financial crisis, assessing the impact of globalization, financial crises, and changes in the world economic order.

   THE GREAT RECESSION (2008-2018)

   Detailed study of the world economic crisis that began in 2008, with a focus on its effects in countries such as the United States, Europe, Russia, China, and Latin America, as well as the political and economic responses at the global level. And a final thought on the economic impact and global responses to the COVID-19 pandemic.

8. REGIONAL STUDIES

   The Regional Studies course offers an in-depth understanding of the different regions of the world, focusing on their distinctive characteristics, political organization, economy, and international relations. Through the analysis of North America, Latin America, Asia-Pacific, Africa, and the Middle East, regional dynamics and how they influence the global context are explored.

   REGIONAL STUDIES OF NORTH AMERICA

   This chapter analyzes the political, economic, and social characteristics of North America, with a focus on the United States, Canada, and Mexico. Trade policies, treaties such as the T-MEC, and the migratory and cultural dynamics that define the region are studied.

   REGIONAL ORGANIZATION AND POLICIES IN LATIN AMERICA

   Latin America's political and economic structures are examined, exploring cultural diversity and socioeconomic challenges. It addresses the impact of regional organizations such as MERCOSUR and the Andean Community, as well as integration and cooperation policies among Latin American countries.

   INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND REGIONAL DYNAMICS IN THE ASIA-PACIFIC REGION

   This chapter focuses on international relations and economic dynamics in Asia-Pacific, including such powers as China, Japan, South Korea, and Australia. Regional organizations, such as ASEAN, are studied and the impact of trade and security policies in the region is analyzed.

   REGIONAL STUDIES OF AFRICA AND THE MIDDLE EAST

   The unique characteristics of Africa and the Middle East are explored, including their cultural, political, and economic diversity. Development challenges, regional conflicts, and the role of international organizations in the stability and growth of these regions are analyzed. In addition, the influence of religion and natural resources on regional dynamics is examined.

9. SOCIAL MOVEMENTS AND COLLECTIVE ACTION

   This course offers a comprehensive study of social movements and collective action, ranging from their theoretical foundations to their contemporary manifestations in the digital age.

   GENERAL THEORY OF SOCIAL MOVEMENTS AND POPULAR EXPRESSION

   It examines the historical context and framework of social movements, from the plebeian revolts in Rome to the popular demonstrations in England. The first organized movements, such as the French Revolution, are analyzed, highlighting their impact on the configuration of collective actions throughout history.

   THE THEORETICAL BASES OF COLLECTIVE ACTION IN THE SOCIOLOGICAL TRADITION

   The framework of collective action in the sociological tradition is explored, as well as the various theoretical currents that have influenced the study of collective action and social movements.

   MODERN (TRADITIONAL) SOCIAL MOVEMENTS

   Significant historical movements such as May 68, the protests in Mexico and Argentina in the 1970s, and the Civil Rights movement in the United States are analyzed. In addition, anti-war and feminist movements that marked a turning point in contemporary social history are studied.

   CORPORATISM AND NEO-CORPORATISM

   The concepts of corporatism and neo-corporatism are examined, as well as the influence of pressure groups and business sectors in shaping collective action and social movements.

   CONTEMPORARY SOCIAL MOVEMENTS

   Current movements such as the environmental, cultural, sexual, and anti-globalization movements are analyzed. It explores how these movements reflect the concerns and demands of contemporary society and their impact on global and local policies.

   EXPRESSIONS OF SOCIAL MOVEMENTS IN SOCIAL NETWORKS

   It explores the dynamics and lessons learned from the participation of social movements in social networks, highlighting their ability to organize and mobilize on a large scale in today's digital world.

10. HUMAN RIGHTS AND INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW

    This course provides an in-depth understanding of the international human rights system and international humanitarian law, exploring its historical evolution, legal framework, and organizational structures.

    INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM

    A definition of the international system is provided, highlighting liberal institutionalism and its historical antecedents. In addition, intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations that play a crucial role in the promotion and protection of human rights are studied.

    PUBLIC INTERNATIONAL LAW AND HUMAN RIGHTS

    The key concepts and historical development of public international law and human rights are examined. The sources and subjects of public international law are addressed, and the integral relationship between the two fields is explored.

    UNITED NATIONS ORGANIZATION

    A detailed analysis of the UN is presented, including its historical background, the UN Charter, its structure, member states, and main organs. It examines how the UN promotes and protects human rights globally.

    REGIONAL SYSTEM OF PUBLIC INTERNATIONAL LAW

    It discusses the historical development and legal framework of major regional organizations, including the Organization of American States (OAS), the African Union and Asian human rights systems, such as the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). It examines the structure of each system and its impact on the promotion of human rights in their respective regions.

11. BORDERS: MIGRATION PHENOMENON, FORCED MIGRATION, AND REFUGEES

    This course explores the theoretical and practical foundations of human rights protection in the global migration context.

    BACKGROUND OF THE MIGRATORY PHENOMENON

    This chapter addresses the historical and contemporary origins of migration, exploring significant current cases such as the Syrian and Venezuelan refugee crisis, the Rohingya crisis, Central American migration to the United States, and Mediterranean migration. The structural causes of migration are examined, highlighting economic inequality, colonialism, political conflict, environmental and social factors, along with the link between migration and human rights.

    INTERNATIONAL INSTRUMENTS AND ORGANIZATIONS ON HUMAN RIGHTS AND MIGRATION POLICIES

    It focuses on international systems and directives that regulate human rights and migration policies. It includes the Inter-American Human Rights System, the directives of the European Parliament and the Council of Europe, as well as the role of the United Nations System. Key judgments of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, advocacy tools and the roles of organizations such as UNHCR, IOM, and UNICEF in the protection and assistance of migrants and refugees are discussed.

    MIGRATORY CONTEXT AND THE PROTECTION OF PERSONS IN VULNERABLE SITUATIONS

    The vulnerability situation of different groups within the migration context is examined: children and adolescents; women and girls; LGBTIQ+ people; people with disabilities; and indigenous peoples. It analyzes the specific challenges faced by these groups, as well as international policies and measures designed to protect their rights and improve their welfare during the migration process.

    THE PROTECTION OF REFUGEES AND ASYLUM SEEKERS

    This last chapter focuses on the legal and international protection of refugees, internally displaced persons, and asylum seekers. The international normative framework is reviewed, including the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol, the UN Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement, and other relevant conventions such as the Convention against Torture. The importance of these frameworks to guarantee the protection and rights of these vulnerable populations is discussed.

12. CLIMATE CHANGE SCIENCE AND POLICY

    This subject explores the complex interaction between the economy and the environment, focusing on the economic effects of global environmental problems. The functions of the environment are analyzed, including its use and non-use values, as well as economic theories related to externalities and public goods. The subject also examines international environmental interventions, evaluating criteria for the selection of instruments such as carbon taxes and standards.

    GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND ECONOMIC EFFECTS

    This chapter introduces the relationship between economics and the environment, exploring key economic theories and concepts such as externalities and public goods. Different approaches to monetary valuation of the environment are discussed and policy options such as taxes versus carbon standards are evaluated.

    INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS AND NEGOTIATIONS ON CLIMATE CHANGE

    The main actors and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) are discussed, highlighting international efforts to address climate change through international negotiations and agreements.

    THE FINANCIAL MECHANISMS OF CLIMATE CHANGE

    This chapter reviews the current economic and financial model related to climate change, focusing on key agreements such as Copenhagen and Cancun, and the role of climate finance through initiatives such as the Green Climate Fund. Different sources of financing and current trends are studied.

    KYOTO PROTOCOL FLEXIBILITY MECHANISMS AND VOLUNTARY MARKETS

    The global carbon market is explored, including the Kyoto Protocol's mandatory market and the voluntary markets for CO2 emission allowances, highlighting its functioning and its impact on climate change mitigation at the global level.

13. INTERNATIONAL LAW AND DIPLOMATIC AND CONSULAR LAW

    The International, Diplomatic, and Consular Law subject offers a comprehensive view of the legal framework governing international relations. It covers everything from the fundamental concepts of public international law to the complexities of diplomatic protocol, providing a solid foundation for understanding the structure and workings of international relations.

    INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY AND PUBLIC INTERNATIONAL LAW

    This chapter introduces the concepts and sources of public international law, exploring its relationship with domestic law and the subjects of international law, including States and international organizations.

    STATES: SUBJECTS OF PUBLIC INTERNATIONAL LAW

    The characteristics of the State as a subject of international law, the relations between States and the legal provisions governing these interactions within the framework of international law are examined.

    INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: SUBJECTS OF INTERNATIONAL LAW

    This chapter focuses on international organizations, describing their relationships, structure, and main functions within international law, as well as their role in global governance.

    INTERNATIONAL RESPONSIBILITY

    The definitions and qualification of the internationally wrongful act, according to the provisions of international law, are presented, addressing the legal consequences for States and other subjects of international law.

    DIPLOMACY

    Devoted to diplomacy from a conceptual, historical, and theoretical perspective, this chapter analyzes its functions, types, and the legal foundations of diplomatic relations.

    DIPLOMATIC AND CONSULAR LAW

    This chapter covers the definition, legal nature, subjects, sources, and principles of diplomatic and consular law, with emphasis on the codification and evolution of its rules and the comparison between diplomatic and consular law.

    DIPLOMATIC AND CONSULAR RELATIONS BODIES

    The different organs of international relations are studied, classifying them into central organs, diplomatic missions, consular missions, and special missions, as well as the immunities and privileges applicable to their personnel.

    DIPLOMATIC PROTOCOL

    This chapter analyzes diplomatic protocol, differentiating it from ceremonial protocol, and addresses diplomatic precedence and hierarchy, as well as the main acts and ceremonies in which protocol is applied.

14. INTERNATIONAL TRADE

    This course deals with the fundamentals of international trade, including domestic, international, intra-community, and foreign trade. It explores the causes and origin of international trade, as well as the advantages and barriers involved. In addition, financing and international assistance in the context of global trade are studied.

    FOREIGN TRADE OPERATIONS

    This chapter focuses on the different international trade operations, such as temporary, definitive, and in-transit operations. It also covers the Inward Processing Regime, a crucial aspect in understanding how cross-border trade activities are managed and regulated.

    SUBJECTS OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE

    The main actors in international trade, including states, companies, and international organizations, are examined here. The dynamics of international relations and economic globalization are explored, as well as the role of international organizations in the regulation and promotion of world trade.

    INTERNATIONAL MARKETS

    This chapter analyzes the distinctive characteristics of international markets in contrast to domestic markets. The business structure necessary to operate in global markets is studied, as well as the key indicators of foreign trade that guide international business strategies.

    FORMS OF ECONOMIC INTEGRATION

    The different forms of economic integration between countries are explored, such as free trade zones, tariff unions, customs unions, and political-economic unions. Each form is examined in terms of its objectives, implications and effects on international trade and global economic policy.

    EUROPEAN UNION

    This chapter focuses on the European Union as a specific case study of regional integration. Issues such as measures of equivalent effect, quality controls, the Common Agricultural Policy, and the principles of free practice governing trade within this economic and political bloc are discussed.

    EMERGING MARKETS

    Finally, growth, industrialization and production in emerging markets are analyzed. This chapter explores how these markets are transforming the global economic landscape and how companies can take advantage of the opportunities and address the challenges of operating in these dynamic environments

15. INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION

    This course explores the global development cooperation system, from its theoretical foundations to contemporary practices and the key actors involved. Conceptual frameworks, types of international cooperation, and their intersection with the foreign policy of various countries and organizations are examined.

    INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION SYSTEM

    International cooperation is defined and schools of thought on development are studied. The typologies of cooperation and the instruments used in this global system are also analyzed.

    CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORKS FOR INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION

    It explores the role of Official Development Assistance (ODA), the functioning of the UN and the OECD in relation to international cooperation, and discusses the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).

    TYPES OF INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION

    The different types of cooperation are detailed, including financial, technical, and humanitarian cooperation. Debt reorganization mechanisms and decentralized, South-South, and triangular cooperation practices are also studied.

    INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AS AN INSTRUMENT OF FOREIGN POLICY

    This chapter examines how international cooperation is used as an integral part of the foreign policy of various countries, including the role of national cooperation agencies such as USAID, JICA, and Cooperación Española.

    INTERNATIONAL SECURITY COOPERATION

    Specific international security cooperation programs, such as Plan Colombia, Plan Mérida, and CARSI, are analyzed, focusing on the relationship between the United States and Latin America.

    NEW ACTORS AND EMERGING PRACTICES: THE CHALLENGE OF THE BRICS

    Finally, the new emerging actors in international cooperation are studied, with a particular focus on the BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) and their innovative practices in the field of development and global cooperation.

PART II: RESERACH METHODS AND FINAL PROJECT OF THE MASTER'S DEGREE OR DEGREE THESIS

1. RESEARCH METHODS

   The subject Research Methods is designed to familiarize students with the context and requirements of scientific research, including the methodological design of the final project and the preparation of the research report. The subject covers epistemological aspects, the research process, the construction of the theoretical framework, the design of methodological strategies, and the writing of the report.

   EPISTEMOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH

   It explores the concepts of epistemology, paradigms, and the relationship between knowledge and science.

   THE SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH PROCESS

   It addresses the stages of the research process, from the formulation of the problem to the definition of the title.

   CONSTRUCTION OF THE THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

   It studies the construction of the theoretical framework, literature review, and strategies for reading academic texts.

   DESIGN OF THE METHODOLOGICAL STRATEGY

   It develops the methodological design, including data collection techniques, and procedures for data analysis.

   RESEARCH REPORT

   Teaches about the parts of a research report, citation standards, and criteria for self-evaluation of the report.

2. FINAL PROJECT

   The objective of the Master's Final Project is for students to carry out a philosophical research on a topic of their choice, applying methodologies of philosophical materialism and producing a written report that contributes to the field of knowledge of the program. The project must follow specific guidelines for its presentation, writing, and bibliography.

   CHOOSING THE TOPIC AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE PROJECT

   Selection of a relevant philosophical topic and development of an investigation based on philosophical materialism methodologies.

   APPLICATION OF THE METHODOLOGY OF PHILOSOPHICAL MATERIALISM

   Systematic and integral application of philosophical methodologies for project development.

   RULES FOR THE PRESENTATION AND WRITING OF THE REPORT

   Guidelines for the presentation, writing, bibliography, and critique of sources in the final report.

   REVIEW OF THE STATE OF THE ART AND THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

   Elaboration of a detailed review of the state of the art and the theoretical framework of the chosen topic.

Note: The content of the academic program may be subject to slight modifications depending on updates or improvements made.